Fozzy Whittaker Football Player. Brennan Curtin Football Player. Rachel Mortenson Model. Famous Birthdays November Chris Scali Reality Star. Peter Miskimmin Field Hockey Player. Brittany Hetzer Instagram Star. Gymnastjay TikTok Star. Mike D Member. At the time, a descriptive system existed, and two other systems were proposed soon after, but they were insufficient. Hubble's clear method of organizing the various classes focuses on three galactic types : ellipticals, spiral and barred spirals, and irregulars.
Hubble originally thought that galaxies evolved from ellipticals to spirals, but scientists now know that each galaxy's shape is determined in its early life. In studying the various galaxies, Hubble was able to determine that they did not sit stationary in space. Instead, virtually every galaxy seems to be rushing away from Earth the Andromeda Galaxy is instead rushing toward us and will collide with the Milky Way in about 5 billion years.
Astronomers rushed to test his calculations on other galaxies, and found that some were moving as quickly as 90 million mph 40, kilometers per second in the opposite direction. According to the calculation, the universe is expanding at a constant rate, known as the Hubble constant.
Over a decade before Hubble published his work, renowned scientist Albert Einstein 's theory of General Relativity called for an expanding universe. But Einstein removed the equations because they contradicted the evidence of the day.
A megaparsec, or a million parsecs, is a distance equal to about 3. This estimate is called the Hubble Constant, and scientists have been fine-tuning it ever since. The Hubble Space Telescope was launched in , one of its major goals being to pin down the Hubble Constant. Hubble, the telescope, also helped discover that not only is the universe expanding, the expansion is accelerating. The mysterious force causing this acceleration is dubbed dark energy.
Hubble was born on November 20, , in Marshfield, Missouri, and moved to Wheaton, Illinois, before his first birthday. He studied mathematics and astronomy at the University of Chicago and earned a bachelor of science degree in He was one of the first Rhodes Scholars at Oxford University, where he studied law. After serving briefly in World War I, he returned to the University of Chicago and earned his doctorate degree in Army and served a tour of duty in World War I.
While working at Mount Wilson, Hubble proved that other galaxies existed outside of the Milky Way, where Earth is located, by taking photos through the observatory's Hooker telescope and comparing the varying degrees of luminosity among Cepheid variable stars. There had been no clear idea of the Milky Way's size at the time, and through his research, Hubble was able to estimate that the Andromeda Nebula thought of simply as a spiral at the time was nearly , light years away from the Milky Way, thus it had to be its own galaxy.
The Andromeda Nebula was later proven to be much farther away, at nearly 2. The Andromeda Nebula was later renamed the Andromeda Galaxy. In the early mids, Hubble began conducting new research, along with fellow astronomer Milton Humason, on the galaxies' spectral shifts and unique distances, particularly looking at their relationship with the earth.
He and Humason then published their research in , theorizing that redshifts in galaxies' light emissions—which shows that galaxies are moving away from each other—move at a linear rate to the distance between them. In other words, Hubble was stating that a galaxy's redshift is twice the size as another's when it's twice as far from another galaxy. The two men's research was widely well-received. In , Hubble published The Realm of the Nebulae , a historical and explanatory piece on his research in the field of extragalactic astronomy.
For his service during the war, in , Hubble received the Medal of Merit. Hubble continued to conduct research at the Mount Wilson Observatory, as well as the Palomar Observatory in California, until he died on September 28, He had suffered a stroke that was caused by cerebral thrombosis, and was 63 years old at the time.
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